Question-and-Answer Resource for the Building Energy Modeling Community
Get started with the Help page
Ask Your Question
4

Loads Definition for Child Occupants

asked 2025-02-04 01:32:16 -0600

mther's avatar

updated 2025-02-04 08:58:25 -0600

I am modeling a 2nd-Grade Classroom with 33 students. I have input 33 as the People Definition in OpenStudio, but the hourly temperatures I am getting are much higher than my measured data. Subsequently, when I set the occupants number to 16, I get values closer to my measured temperatures. Is there a rule or a fraction to multiply occupant loads when they are children and have lower metabolic rates? Additionally, could this be a problem with metabolic rates? I'd appreciate any clarification for this.

edit retag flag offensive close merge delete

1 Answer

Sort by ยป oldest newest most voted
3

answered 2025-02-04 07:08:25 -0600

updated 2025-02-04 07:33:24 -0600

ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals gives you some insight. In the 2009 version (it's on 4 year cycle), Chapter 18, Table 1, Representative Rates at Which Heat and Moisture Are Given Off by Human Beings in Different States of Activity.

There is a footnote a) that says:

Adjusted heat gain is based on normal percentage of men, women, and children for the application listed, and assumes that gain from an adult female is 85% of that for an adult male, and gain from a child is 75% of that for an adult male

What Activity Level (W/Person) did you use? And what's the fraction radiant you entered?

I don't know what "Number of People Schedule Name" (multiplier) you're using either, but it should include some diversity factor, not 100% of the 33 children will be present on any given day.


Disclaimer: I am in no way, shape, or form someone with experience children heat output. The following is just a napkin calculation I just put together in ten minutes (I didn't read past the abstracts of a handful of papers that popped up when I searched) because I found it interesting, so do not use it without doing your own research.

It doesn't cite sources for where that 75% value is coming from, but you could grasp how it would make sense. The heat generation is proportional to the body surface area, and depends on the metabolic rate. A quick web search would tell you that a child usually has a higher metabolic rate: around 1.2 to 1.5 met, let's say 1.5 met (which is highly convenient for the point I'm about to make :) )

But its body surface area is less.

  • A child aged 7-8 years would be in the ballpark of 25kg and 120 cm. I've decided relying on my own daughter was not a good enough sample size (N=1), so I've just taken a visual look at the z-charts from the World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/tools/growth-refe...
  • As a result, it would roughly have 50% of the body surface area of an average male, according to Du Bois 1916 paper titled "A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known". A calculator for Du Bois can be found for example here: https://www.pediatriconcall.com/calcu...
    • That average individual refers to a male 30 years old with 70 kg, 1.75 m, 1.8 m2 body surface area or a female 30 years old with 60 kg, 1.70 m, 1.6 m2 body surface area.

So if I was assuming the activity level for a classroom to be similar to an office area (which is what the DOE Reference Building for Primary School does), I'd say 120 W/person Total heat generation rate. Plugging the numbers above, I'd guesstimate the Total heat generation rate for a child aged 7-8 years old to be ... (more)

edit flag offensive delete link more

Comments

Thank you so much for this! I had the activity level at 120 W/person before and fraction radiant at 0.3. I've set their occupancy from 7:30AM to 2PM

mther's avatar mther  ( 2025-02-04 09:34:05 -0600 )edit

Your Answer

Please start posting anonymously - your entry will be published after you log in or create a new account.

Add Answer

Training Workshops

Careers

Question Tools

1 follower

Stats

Asked: 2025-02-04 01:32:16 -0600

Seen: 72 times

Last updated: Feb 04