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Lu Xing and Jeff Spitler have developed a two-harmonic analytical model for the estimation of undisturbed ground temperatures for engineering applications that is described in three companion papers: 1. Xing and Spitler 2017. Prediction of undisturbed ground temperature using analytical and numerical modeling. Part I: Model development and experimental validation. Science and Technology for Built Environment 23:787-808. 2. Xing and Spitler 2017. Prediction of undisturbed ground temperature using analytical and numerical modeling. Part II: Methodology for developing a world-wide dataset. Science and Technology for Built Environment 23:809-825. 3. Xing, Spitler, and Bandyopadhyay 2017. Prediction of undisturbed ground temperature using analytical and numerical modeling, Part III: Experimental validation of a world-wide dataset. Science and Technology for Built Environment 23:826-842. (quoting from the abstract from paper 2):

Lu Xing and Jeff Spitler have developed a two-harmonic analytical model for the estimation of undisturbed ground temperatures for engineering applications that is described in three companion papers: 1. papers:

  1. Xing and Spitler 2017. Prediction of undisturbed ground temperature using analytical and numerical modeling. Part I: Model development and experimental validation. Science and Technology for Built Environment 23:787-808. 2. 23:787-808.

  2. Xing and Spitler 2017. Prediction of undisturbed ground temperature using analytical and numerical modeling. Part II: Methodology for developing a world-wide dataset. Science and Technology for Built Environment 23:809-825. 3. 23:809-825.

  3. Xing, Spitler, and Bandyopadhyay 2017. Prediction of undisturbed ground temperature using analytical and numerical modeling, Part III: Experimental validation of a world-wide dataset. Science and Technology for Built Environment 23:826-842. (quoting 23:826-842.

(excerpt from the abstract for Paper 2): "... a two-harmonic analytical model which is used for the estimations of undisturbed ground temperatures for engineering applications has been developed. This model relies on a second-order harmonic relationship and five weather-related constants - annual average ground temperature, two temperature amplitudes, and two phase lags to predict the ground temperatures. These parameters are estimated using temperature results calculated from paper 2):

the numerical method developed by Xing and Spilter (2017). The two -harmonic model is validated using measured ground temperature data at 19 sites in the US... in three different climates - arid, warm, and snow... The model... relies on inputs such as soil diffisivity, vegetation density, and snow depth to estimate the ground temperatures...