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Other factors not mentioned include EnergyPlus' use of sub-hourly time steps (DOE-2 is hourly), its separate treatment of radiative and convective heat transfer (DOE-2 combines these), and its modeling of HVAC at the component level (DOE-2 models HVAC at the system level). Essentially, DOE-2 combines and compacts phenomena and effects that EnergyPlus handles explicitly. This results in a loss of flexibility and perhaps a loss of accuracy in some situations (although the combined approximations themselves are chosen because they are valid in most cases) but does deliver computational efficiency.