How exactly are these used when calculating emissions, specifically fugitive emissions?
The BEopt 2.8 help says:
The default value is a national average of pounds of equivalent carbon dioxide released per unit of fuel, as published in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 105-2014, Appendix J. Equivalent CO2 is calculated using 100-year time horizon global warming potential (GWP) values for CO2, NOx, and methane emissions.
This implies that this number already has some methane leakage accounted for, presumably in production. However, Table 4 of "Operational Emissions Accounting for Commercial Buildings" <https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/81670.pdf#page=14 > says that the newest standard (105-2021) is "full life cycle"… which cuould be read to include distribution.
The BEopt 3.0b help gives the following, which is what one expect:
Values greater than 1 are typically used to account for losses occurred in pipeline transmission and distribution of the fuel.
But how are the emissions for over-unity source:site ratio (distribution losses) handled? A ratio of 1.05 would imply 5% natural gas leakage. Does the software have a baked-in natural gas to CO2e conversion that applies for those excess therms? Because the same factor as applied for the delivered energy does not seem correct, since there is no combustion of the lost gas, and depending on what is meant by "full life cycle", the source:site ratio may have overlap with the carbon factor.
P.S. What is the source of the default natural gas carbon factor in the 3.0 beta? It's 4% higher than the ASHRAE 105-2015 Appendix J value used in v2.8
