Difference between adiabatic surface and high R value

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"If I still want fenestration in my walls and solar, radiative, and convective gains on my walls and roofs". If you wanted to have windows you could build a base surface around it so that base surface is not adiabatic but others are, but what is the use case for this? If you want adiabatic walls but still want convective gains, I'm not sure if you want adiabatic walls, as there will not be an external heat gain that makes it into the zone through adiabatic surfaces.

When you increase the R value with the measures shown, it is increasing the thickness of the least conductive material in your layered construction. or for no-mass material just changing the Thermal Resistance value. If you really want to take it far I would use a construction with a no-mass material.

As I mentioned in another post there is also a newer version of Set Exterior Walls and Floors to Adiabatic measure that gives a lot more control by having bools to enable/disable the surfaces impacted by the model by cardinal direction. It also supports roofs, floors, and has an inclusion list and exclusion list option if you want to customize more for specific models and use cases.