Finding inside surface temperatures in Energy plus

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Output:Variable objects are used in EnergyPlus to report specific results that you're interested in. The specific output variable that you want to use to report the temperature at the inside face (the side facing the parent zone) of a surface (wall, floor, or roof/ceiling) is the following:

Output:Variable,*,Surface Inside Face Temperature,Timestep;

This will report the temperature for ALL surfaces in the model. If you want to see the temperature for a specific surface, then replace "*" with the name of that surface from the model. You can read more about defining output variables in this post.

If you want to report the temperatures at nodes between material layers within a construction assembly, then this post discusses how to do that.