How to identify the schedules in EnergyPlus

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Yes -- you can use a schedule of load values along with a LoadProfile:Plant object on the demand side of a plant loop to set demand load values. In your project, if the schedule is used to set the chilled water demand, then all of the plant loop equipment (absorption chiller, cooling tower, solar collector, etc.) should operate together to meet that demand.

For the Schedule:Compact object in your screen shot, there is no From: input field line for dates where schedule values are applied -- there are only Through: input field lines. If you only want to have these cooling loads occur from May 1 through October 31, then schedule values should be zero for the rest of the year. Your schedule object will look like this:

Schedule:Compact,
  Cooling Load Profile - Full Production Capacity,  !- Name     
  ChW Loop Any Number,                                      !- Schedule Type Limits Name
  Through: 05/01,                                                 !- Field 1  
  For: AllDays,                                                 !- Field 2  
  Until: 24:00,                                                 !- Field 3
  0,                                                 !- Field 4
  Through: 10/31,                                                 !- Field 5  
  For: AllDays,                                                 !- Field 6  
  Until: 08:00,                                                 !- Field 7
  0,                                                 !- Field 8  
  Until: 12:00,                                                 !- Field 9
  -232800,                                                 !- Field 10  
  Until: 13:00,                                                 !- Field 11
  0,                                                 !- Field 12  
  Until: 20:00,                                                 !- Field 13
  -232800,                                                 !- Field 14 
  Until: 21:00,                                                 !- Field 15
  0,                                                 !- Field 16
  Until: 24:00,                                                 !- Field 17
  -232800,                                                 !- Field 18
  Through: 12/31,                                                 !- Field 19  
  For: AllDays,                                                 !- Field 20  
  Until: 24:00,                                                 !- Field 21
  0;                                                 !- Field 22