Indoor air to structure heat exchange

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The zone air temperature will interact with the inside faces of each surface in the same zone through convection. On top of this heat transfer process, there is also:

1. Conduction through each surface (outside to inside)
2. Short-wave radiation (from artificial lighting within zone)
3. Long-wave radiation (surfaces exchange heat with each other, and equipment radiates heat to surfaces)

You can read about the heat balance equation and components in the Engineering Reference document for EnergyPlus.