Question-and-Answer Resource for the Building Energy Modeling Community
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This may be a preliminary answer.
I looked at the EnergyPlus source code (C++). It appears to use the exit code only as a Boolean success or failure. Zero is "success" and nonzero is "failure".
So you can't infer anything specific about the failure from the exit code value. I have yet to see what conditions trigger "failure" either by consulting documentation or the source code.
